Envelope Design Guidelines for Federal Office - index
Envelope Design Guidelines for Federal Office - nist48210001
Office building envelopes are generally successful
Acknowledgments - nist48210005
Introduction - nist48210011
Description of The Guidelines
Introduction/Description
Background - nist48210015
Literature Review
BTECC/NIBS Project Committee
Principles
Building Envelope Performance
Arrangement of Envelope Elements
Thermal Envelope Performance
Airflow
Moisture Transfer
References - nist48210026
Thermal Envelope Defects
Figure 2.3.1 Beam and Floor Slab Penetrating Insulation (Childs)
Thermal Bridges - nist48210029
Insulation System Defects
Air Leakage Defects
Figure 2.3.2 Unsealed Drywall due to inaccessibility (Kudder)
Wall Assemblies
Roofing Systems - nist48210034
Component Connections
Other Assemblies
Figure 2.3.5 Connection of Wall and Soffit (Perreault 1980)
References - nist48210038
References - Cont'd - nist48210039
Design and Construction Process
Figure 2.4.1 Example of Poorly Coordinated Detailing
Motivations and Concerns
Air Barrier Systems
Air Barrier Systems - Cont'd
Requirements and Recommendations
References - nist48210047
Design
Air Barriers
Figure 3.1.l Failure of Air Barrier Continuity (Kudder)
Figure 3.1.2 Failure of Air Barrier Integrity
Figure 3.1.3 Air Barrier Permeability
Air Barrier Location within the Envelope
Figure 3.1.4 Accessible Drywall Air Barrier (Perreault 1989)
Figure 3.1.6 Curtain Wall Air Barrier (Perreault 1989)
References - nist48210058
Vapor Retarders
Material and System Requirements
Vapor Retarders versus Air Barriers
Summary: Problems in Practice
Thermal Insulation
Materials - nist48210064
Position in the Envelope
References - nist48210066
Control of Train Penetration
Rain Penetration Mechanisms and Control
Figure 3.4.1 Section of Vertical, One-Stage Joint
Figure 3.4.3 Two-Stage Pressure Equalized Joints
Figure 3.4.4 Pressure-Equalized Rain Screen Wall (AAMA)
Figure 3.4.5 Brick Veneer / Steel Stud Backup Wall (CMHC)
Figure 3.4.6 Brick Veneer / Concrete Masonry Backup Wall
Figure 3.4.7 Precast Concrete Panel - One-Stage Joints
Figure 3.4.9 Precast Concrete Panel -Two-Stage Pressure Equalized Joints
Figure 3.4.10 Precast Concrete Panel - Pressure Equalized Rain Screen
Figure 3.4.11 Pressure-Equalized Joints in Insulated Metal Panels
Figure 3.4.12 Pressure Equalized Curtain Wall Mullions
Figure 3.4.13 Exterior Insulation Finish System (Williams)
References - nist48210080
Sealants
Sealant Materials
Solvent-Based Acrylic Sealants
Specialty Sealants
Design Issues - nist48210085
Figure 3.5.1 Good Joint Design (Schroeder and Hovis)
Figure 3.5.3 Poor Joint Designs (Schroeder and Hovis)
Figure 3.5.4 Stress Relaxed Sealant (Warseck)
Figure 3.5.5 Compression Set Sealant (Warseck)
Installation Issues
ASTM Standards
Systems
Figure 4.1.1 Glass and Metal Curtain Wall (Ganguli)
Figure 4.1.2 Thermally Unbroken Mullions
Figure 4.1.3 Structural Silicone Glazing
Figure 4.1.4 Poured-in-Place Mullion
Figure 4.1.5 Screw-On Face Mullion
Figure 4.1.7 Structural Neoprene Gasketed Mullion
Figure 4.1.8 Curtain Wall Parapet (Quirouette)
Figure 4.1.10 Curtain Wall Connection at Corner
Figure 4.1.12 Curtain Wall/Foundation Connection (Brand)
Figure 4.1.13 Curtain Wall/Precast Concrete Panel Connection
Design and Constructions Issues
References - nist48210106
Masonry - nist48210107
Materials - nist48210108
Figure 4.2.1 Brick Veneer Wall (CMHC 1989)
Water Leakage - nist48210110
Figure 4.2.2 Mortar Joints for Water Leakage Control
Figure 4.2.3 Unacceptable and Acceptable Flashing and Sealant Details
Figure 4.2.4 Flashing at Coping (CMHC)
Figure 4.2.5 Parapet Flashing (CMHC 1989)
Coatings and Sealants
Thermal Insulation - nist48210116
Figure 4.2.7 Insulation Attachment Failure
Figure 4.2.8 Insulation Attachment Failure (Quirouette 1989)
Figure 4.2.9 Air Leakage Through Unfinished Block (Quirouette 1989)
Figure 4.2.10 Air Leakage at Block / Column Joint (Quirouette 1983)
Figure 4.2.11 Air Leakage at Window/Wall Interface (Quirouette 1983)
Construction Requirements
Construction Requirements - Cont'd
Figure 4.2.12 Wall-FloorConnection (Grot)
Figure 4.2.13 Wall/Floor Connection
Figure 4.2.15 Wall/Floor Connection - Concrete Frame (Brand)
Figure 4.2.16 Wall/Floor Connection - Steel Frame (Brand)
Figure 4.2.18 Wall/Window Jamb
Figure 4.2.20 Wall / Window Jamb (Brand)
Figure 4.2.21 Wall/Window Sill Connection
Figure 4.2.22 Wall/Window Sill Connection
Figure 4.2.24 Wall/Column Connection - Concrete Frame (Burn 1980)
Figure 4.2.26 Wall / Foundation Connection (Brand)
References - nist48210134
References - Cont'd - nist48210135
Figure 4.3.1 Metal Stud Wall Components (CMHC)
Figure 4.3.2 Metal Stud Corners (Steven Winter Associates)
Figure 4.3.3 Slab Edge / Perimeter Beam (Steven Winter Associates)
Air Barriers and Vapor Retarders
Brick Veneer Systems
Figure 4.3.4 Metal Stud Wall / Foundation Connection
Figure 4.3.7 Metal Stud Wall / Floor Connection
Figure 4.3.8 Metal Stud Wall / Steel Column Connection and Window Jamb
Figure 4.3.9 Metal Stud Wall / Flat Roof Edge (Quirouette)
Figure 4.4.1 Precast Panel Wall (PCI)
Design Fundamentals
Figure 4.4.2 Precast Concrete Panel - One-Stage Joints
Figure 4.4.4 Precast Concrete Panel - Two-Stage Pressure Equalized Joints
Rain Penetration and Joint Design
Figure 4.4.5 Conventional Precast Panel Wall
Figure 4.4.7 Application of Rigid Insulation with Adhesives (PCI)
Air Leakage and Water Vapor Control
Figure 4.4.8 Pressure Equalized Rain Screen (Rousseau)
Figure 4.4.9 Wall/Floor Intersection - Concrete Frame (Brand)
Figure 4.4.10 Wall / Foundation Intersection (Brand)
Figure 4.4.11 Wall / Window Intersection (Brand)
References - nist48210159
Stone Panels
Design Information
Figure 4.5.1 Wall/Floor Intersection - Concrete Frame (Brand)
Figure 4.5.2 Wall/Floor Intersection - Steel Frame
Figure 4.5.4 Wall/Window Intersection (Brand)
References - nist48210166
Metal Building Systems
Figure 4.6.1 Insulation Between Roof Purlins
Figure 4.6.3 Sandwich Panel Joints
Figure 4.6.4 Wall / Roof Connections
Figure 4.6.5 Wall / Floor Connection - Concrete Frame (Brand)
Figure 4.6.7 Wall / Foundation Connection (Brand)
Figure 4.6.8 Wall / Window Connection (Brand)
Figure 4.7.1 Components of EIFS Construction
Substrates
Figure 4.7.2 Sealant Joint Delamination
Other Considerations in Panel Joints
Figure 4.7.4 Thermal Defect at Parapet
Figure 4.7.5 Thermal Defect at Parapet
Figure 4.7.6 Thermal Defects at Foundation
Design and Construction Issues
Roofing Systems - nist48210183
Roofing Systems Design
Moisture Control
Figure 4.8.1 Air Leakage at Roof Edge (Riedel)
Figure 4.8.2 Air Leakage at Roof Overhang (Riedel)
Figure 4.8.4 Masonry Setback Wall/Roof Connection - Steel Frame
Figure 4.8.6 Masory Wall/Roof Edge - Steel Frame
Figure 4.8.8 Masonry Wall/Roof Edge - Concrete Frame
Roof Penetrations
Figure 4.8.11 Light Structural Support
Figure 4.8.13 Roof Expansion Joint
References - nist48210194
Appendices - nist48210195
A Bibliography
Wall Systems
Wall Systems - Cont'd - nist48210199
Wall Systems - Cont'd - nist48210200
Diagnostics
Measured Performance of Envelope Systems
Airtightness and Ventilation
Thermal Bridges - nist48210204
Roofing Systems - nist48210205
Roofing Systems - Cont'd
Fenestration
Sealants and Water Leakage
Standards
Standards - Cont'd
B Glossary
B Glossary - Cont'd - nist48210212
B Glossary - Cont'd - nist48210213
B Glossary - Cont'd - nist48210214
B Glossary - Cont'd - nist48210215
B Glossary - Cont'd - nist48210216
B Glossary - Cont'd - nist48210217
References - nist48210218
C Organizations
C Organizations - Cont'd - nist48210220
C Organizations - Cont'd - nist48210221
D Thermal Envelope Diagnostic Techniques
Infrared Thermography
Heat Flux Transducers
Component Pressurization Testing
Water Leakage - nist48210227
Test Standards
References - nist48210229
E Nibs Project Committee
E Nibs Project Committee - Cont'd - nist48210232
E Nibs Project Committee - Cont'd - nist48210233
Envelope Design Guidelines for Federal Office - nist48210001
Office building envelopes are generally successful
Acknowledgments - nist48210005
Introduction - nist48210011
Description of The Guidelines
Introduction/Description
Background - nist48210015
Literature Review
BTECC/NIBS Project Committee
Principles
Building Envelope Performance
Arrangement of Envelope Elements
Thermal Envelope Performance
Airflow
Moisture Transfer
References - nist48210026
Thermal Envelope Defects
Figure 2.3.1 Beam and Floor Slab Penetrating Insulation (Childs)
Thermal Bridges - nist48210029
Insulation System Defects
Air Leakage Defects
Figure 2.3.2 Unsealed Drywall due to inaccessibility (Kudder)
Wall Assemblies
Roofing Systems - nist48210034
Component Connections
Other Assemblies
Figure 2.3.5 Connection of Wall and Soffit (Perreault 1980)
References - nist48210038
References - Cont'd - nist48210039
Design and Construction Process
Figure 2.4.1 Example of Poorly Coordinated Detailing
Motivations and Concerns
Air Barrier Systems
Air Barrier Systems - Cont'd
Requirements and Recommendations
References - nist48210047
Design
Air Barriers
Figure 3.1.l Failure of Air Barrier Continuity (Kudder)
Figure 3.1.2 Failure of Air Barrier Integrity
Figure 3.1.3 Air Barrier Permeability
Air Barrier Location within the Envelope
Figure 3.1.4 Accessible Drywall Air Barrier (Perreault 1989)
Figure 3.1.6 Curtain Wall Air Barrier (Perreault 1989)
References - nist48210058
Vapor Retarders
Material and System Requirements
Vapor Retarders versus Air Barriers
Summary: Problems in Practice
Thermal Insulation
Materials - nist48210064
Position in the Envelope
References - nist48210066
Control of Train Penetration
Rain Penetration Mechanisms and Control
Figure 3.4.1 Section of Vertical, One-Stage Joint
Figure 3.4.3 Two-Stage Pressure Equalized Joints
Figure 3.4.4 Pressure-Equalized Rain Screen Wall (AAMA)
Figure 3.4.5 Brick Veneer / Steel Stud Backup Wall (CMHC)
Figure 3.4.6 Brick Veneer / Concrete Masonry Backup Wall
Figure 3.4.7 Precast Concrete Panel - One-Stage Joints
Figure 3.4.9 Precast Concrete Panel -Two-Stage Pressure Equalized Joints
Figure 3.4.10 Precast Concrete Panel - Pressure Equalized Rain Screen
Figure 3.4.11 Pressure-Equalized Joints in Insulated Metal Panels
Figure 3.4.12 Pressure Equalized Curtain Wall Mullions
Figure 3.4.13 Exterior Insulation Finish System (Williams)
References - nist48210080
Sealants
Sealant Materials
Solvent-Based Acrylic Sealants
Specialty Sealants
Design Issues - nist48210085
Figure 3.5.1 Good Joint Design (Schroeder and Hovis)
Figure 3.5.3 Poor Joint Designs (Schroeder and Hovis)
Figure 3.5.4 Stress Relaxed Sealant (Warseck)
Figure 3.5.5 Compression Set Sealant (Warseck)
Installation Issues
ASTM Standards
Systems
Figure 4.1.1 Glass and Metal Curtain Wall (Ganguli)
Figure 4.1.2 Thermally Unbroken Mullions
Figure 4.1.3 Structural Silicone Glazing
Figure 4.1.4 Poured-in-Place Mullion
Figure 4.1.5 Screw-On Face Mullion
Figure 4.1.7 Structural Neoprene Gasketed Mullion
Figure 4.1.8 Curtain Wall Parapet (Quirouette)
Figure 4.1.10 Curtain Wall Connection at Corner
Figure 4.1.12 Curtain Wall/Foundation Connection (Brand)
Figure 4.1.13 Curtain Wall/Precast Concrete Panel Connection
Design and Constructions Issues
References - nist48210106
Masonry - nist48210107
Materials - nist48210108
Figure 4.2.1 Brick Veneer Wall (CMHC 1989)
Water Leakage - nist48210110
Figure 4.2.2 Mortar Joints for Water Leakage Control
Figure 4.2.3 Unacceptable and Acceptable Flashing and Sealant Details
Figure 4.2.4 Flashing at Coping (CMHC)
Figure 4.2.5 Parapet Flashing (CMHC 1989)
Coatings and Sealants
Thermal Insulation - nist48210116
Figure 4.2.7 Insulation Attachment Failure
Figure 4.2.8 Insulation Attachment Failure (Quirouette 1989)
Figure 4.2.9 Air Leakage Through Unfinished Block (Quirouette 1989)
Figure 4.2.10 Air Leakage at Block / Column Joint (Quirouette 1983)
Figure 4.2.11 Air Leakage at Window/Wall Interface (Quirouette 1983)
Construction Requirements
Construction Requirements - Cont'd
Figure 4.2.12 Wall-FloorConnection (Grot)
Figure 4.2.13 Wall/Floor Connection
Figure 4.2.15 Wall/Floor Connection - Concrete Frame (Brand)
Figure 4.2.16 Wall/Floor Connection - Steel Frame (Brand)
Figure 4.2.18 Wall/Window Jamb
Figure 4.2.20 Wall / Window Jamb (Brand)
Figure 4.2.21 Wall/Window Sill Connection
Figure 4.2.22 Wall/Window Sill Connection
Figure 4.2.24 Wall/Column Connection - Concrete Frame (Burn 1980)
Figure 4.2.26 Wall / Foundation Connection (Brand)
References - nist48210134
References - Cont'd - nist48210135
Figure 4.3.1 Metal Stud Wall Components (CMHC)
Figure 4.3.2 Metal Stud Corners (Steven Winter Associates)
Figure 4.3.3 Slab Edge / Perimeter Beam (Steven Winter Associates)
Air Barriers and Vapor Retarders
Brick Veneer Systems
Figure 4.3.4 Metal Stud Wall / Foundation Connection
Figure 4.3.7 Metal Stud Wall / Floor Connection
Figure 4.3.8 Metal Stud Wall / Steel Column Connection and Window Jamb
Figure 4.3.9 Metal Stud Wall / Flat Roof Edge (Quirouette)
Figure 4.4.1 Precast Panel Wall (PCI)
Design Fundamentals
Figure 4.4.2 Precast Concrete Panel - One-Stage Joints
Figure 4.4.4 Precast Concrete Panel - Two-Stage Pressure Equalized Joints
Rain Penetration and Joint Design
Figure 4.4.5 Conventional Precast Panel Wall
Figure 4.4.7 Application of Rigid Insulation with Adhesives (PCI)
Air Leakage and Water Vapor Control
Figure 4.4.8 Pressure Equalized Rain Screen (Rousseau)
Figure 4.4.9 Wall/Floor Intersection - Concrete Frame (Brand)
Figure 4.4.10 Wall / Foundation Intersection (Brand)
Figure 4.4.11 Wall / Window Intersection (Brand)
References - nist48210159
Stone Panels
Design Information
Figure 4.5.1 Wall/Floor Intersection - Concrete Frame (Brand)
Figure 4.5.2 Wall/Floor Intersection - Steel Frame
Figure 4.5.4 Wall/Window Intersection (Brand)
References - nist48210166
Metal Building Systems
Figure 4.6.1 Insulation Between Roof Purlins
Figure 4.6.3 Sandwich Panel Joints
Figure 4.6.4 Wall / Roof Connections
Figure 4.6.5 Wall / Floor Connection - Concrete Frame (Brand)
Figure 4.6.7 Wall / Foundation Connection (Brand)
Figure 4.6.8 Wall / Window Connection (Brand)
Figure 4.7.1 Components of EIFS Construction
Substrates
Figure 4.7.2 Sealant Joint Delamination
Other Considerations in Panel Joints
Figure 4.7.4 Thermal Defect at Parapet
Figure 4.7.5 Thermal Defect at Parapet
Figure 4.7.6 Thermal Defects at Foundation
Design and Construction Issues
Roofing Systems - nist48210183
Roofing Systems Design
Moisture Control
Figure 4.8.1 Air Leakage at Roof Edge (Riedel)
Figure 4.8.2 Air Leakage at Roof Overhang (Riedel)
Figure 4.8.4 Masonry Setback Wall/Roof Connection - Steel Frame
Figure 4.8.6 Masory Wall/Roof Edge - Steel Frame
Figure 4.8.8 Masonry Wall/Roof Edge - Concrete Frame
Roof Penetrations
Figure 4.8.11 Light Structural Support
Figure 4.8.13 Roof Expansion Joint
References - nist48210194
Appendices - nist48210195
A Bibliography
Wall Systems
Wall Systems - Cont'd - nist48210199
Wall Systems - Cont'd - nist48210200
Diagnostics
Measured Performance of Envelope Systems
Airtightness and Ventilation
Thermal Bridges - nist48210204
Roofing Systems - nist48210205
Roofing Systems - Cont'd
Fenestration
Sealants and Water Leakage
Standards
Standards - Cont'd
B Glossary
B Glossary - Cont'd - nist48210212
B Glossary - Cont'd - nist48210213
B Glossary - Cont'd - nist48210214
B Glossary - Cont'd - nist48210215
B Glossary - Cont'd - nist48210216
B Glossary - Cont'd - nist48210217
References - nist48210218
C Organizations
C Organizations - Cont'd - nist48210220
C Organizations - Cont'd - nist48210221
D Thermal Envelope Diagnostic Techniques
Infrared Thermography
Heat Flux Transducers
Component Pressurization Testing
Water Leakage - nist48210227
Test Standards
References - nist48210229
E Nibs Project Committee
E Nibs Project Committee - Cont'd - nist48210232
E Nibs Project Committee - Cont'd - nist48210233
